Podium Presentation - 25 minutes International Positive Psychology Association 7th IPPA World Congress 2021

Trajectories of Psychological Wellbeing and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Disease: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (#23)

Anne-Josee Guimond 1 2 , Laura D Kubzansky 1 2 , Julia K Boehm 3 , Farah Qureshi 1 2 , Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald 1 2
  1. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
  2. Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Hapinness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
  3. Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States

Background: Psychological wellbeing (PWB) is linked to reduced cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk. Although most studies measure PWB once, trajectories of PWB over time might relate differently to future CMD risk. Hypotheses/Research questions: We tested if trajectories of 4 PWB facets would be associated with lower incident CMD risk. Sample characteristics/Sample size: Data are from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants were 4,006 adults aged ≥50 years followed across 17 years and assessed at 2-year intervals, without history of CMD at wave 1 baseline and who remained CMD-free up to wave 5. Design: PWB was measured 5 times from waves 1-5 using the Control, Autonomy, Satisfaction, and Pleasure scale (CASP). Trajectories of control, autonomy, self-realization, and pleasure were defined using latent class growth modeling. CMD cases were assessed at each follow-up (waves 6-9) over 9 years. Cox regression models estimated likelihood of incident CMD associated with trajectories in each CASP subscale separately and cumulatively (i.e., having persistently high PWB levels on 0, 1, 2, or 3-4 subscales). Results: For each subscale, 3 or 4 trajectories of PWB were observed. 441 incident CMD cases occurred. In demographics-adjusted models, CMD risk was reduced by 34-51% for adults with persistently high vs. persistently low levels on each subscale (e.g., autonomy: Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.50-0.89). After adjusting for health factors and depression, CMD risk remained significantly lower for pleasure and self-realization only. Adults with persistently high levels on ≥2 subscales vs. none had 44-49% lower risk of CMD (e.g., persistently high on 3-4 subscales: fully adjusted HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82). Scientific contribution: Sustained pleasure and self-realization and experiencing persistently high levels of >2 PWB facets were associated with reduced CMD risk. Effect sizes for trajectories were generally larger than those previously obtained with a single PWB assessment. 

  • Keywords: Aging, Health and Medicine, Meaning and Purpose, Positive emotions, Strengths