Background
According to self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1980), individual functioning and wellbeing depend upon the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. While SDT has been presented as a useful theoretical framework for investigating working alliance processes in coaching (Spence & Oades, 2011; Gabriel et al., 2014), the evidence base for the role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in coaching practice is currently scarce.
Hypotheses
It was hypothesized that basic psychological needs satisfaction and working alliance quality, as perceived by the coachee, would be positively associated with one another, and predictive of coaching outcomes.
Sample Characteristics and Sample Size
The study sample consisted of 198 coachees, of which 182 (Mage=43.9yrs; SDage=11.2) provided complete self-reports on all measurement occasions. The sample was predominantly female (68%) and highly educated (79% Bachelor's degree or higher).
Design
The study followed a two-wave (T0; T1) prospective design, requiring participants to fill out two nearly identical online self-report surveys with an interval of three weeks. Working alliance and basic psychological needs satisfaction, goal attainment as primary outcome, and mental health, wellbeing, and personal growth initiative as secondary outcomes, were assessed at both timepoints. Multiple regression analyses, adjusted for T0 levels of the dependent variable, and number of sessions between measurements, were performed to investigate prospective associations between study variables.
Results
Goal attainment, mental health, wellbeing, and personal growth initiative increased significantly from T0 to T1. Working alliance and basic psychological needs satisfaction showed positive, reciprocal associations, and were both prospectively and positively associated with the primary outcome goal attainment, but not with secondary outcomes.
Scientific Contribution
Findings partially support the importance of a good working relationship between coach and coachee, and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs experienced by the coachee, in the context of coaching.